Yasmine EDDAM
Case law on franchise agreements in competition law
By Yasmine EDDAM29 June 2025The franchise contract is a complex contractual structure at the crossroads of distribution law and competition law. For companies, it represents a formidable lever for development, but its implementation exposes them to significant legal risks if it is not properly mastered. The key question is how to reconcile the restrictions necessary for the proper operation of the network with the prohibition on anti-competitive agreements. Our firm, which is competent to advise you on your franchise agreements, has observed that many disputes arise from a poor assessment of this balance. Before exploring the case law, it is essential to remember that franchising is a form of vertical agreement, the general issues of which can be grasped from the full guide. This article focuses specifically on the way in which the authorities and the courts analyse these agreements. For an overview, to understand the nature and operation of the franchise agreement, and to...
Marine insurance explained: cover, contracts and claims
Insurance, Commercial, Business and Competition LawThe incessant ballet of ships on the oceans is the invisible engine of our globalised economy. But this formidable logistical machine is exposed to the vagaries of the sea and a multitude of risks. To enable those involved in maritime trade to operate with a minimum of security, marine insurance...Marine insurance claims: management, compensation and special features
Insurance, Commercial, Business and Competition LawFor anyone involved in the maritime world, a claim is the dreaded moment when the risks inherent in the sea materialise. It is also the moment when the insurance contract is put to the test: the promised protection must become a tangible reality in the form of compensation. But the path between the occurrence...The marine insurance contract: conclusion, content and performance
Insurance, Commercial, Business and Competition LawWhile marine insurance provides an essential safety net for activities at sea, it is the contract that weaves the net. This document, or set of documents, formalises the agreement between the insurer and the insured, defining the extent of cover, the obligations of each party and the conditions of compensation. For insurance professionals...Understanding marine insurance: its scope and specific risks
Insurance, Commercial, Business and Competition LawMaritime transport is a vital artery of the global economy, carrying the vast majority of goods traded on the planet. But the sea, a source of prosperity, is also an unpredictable and potentially dangerous environment. To safeguard these essential activities, a protection mechanism has developed over the years...Air charter: understanding the contract and responsibilities
Chartering, Commercial, business and competition lawPerhaps you have already travelled on a charter flight for your holidays, or your company has organised a specific trip for a team. Behind these situations often lies a special contractual mechanism: air charter. Although common in the world of transport, this contract remains little known to the general public...Accelerated Safeguarding: a fast way to restructure your company's debts
Commercial, business and competition law, Companies in difficultyFinancial difficulties are a fact of business life. Fortunately, French law offers a number of tools for anticipating and dealing with them before a situation becomes irremediable. Among these tools, the accelerated safeguard procedure stands out as a fast and effective solution, particularly suited to companies that are experiencing financial difficulties....Adding value to your brand: understanding assignment and licensing
Commercial, business and competition law, TrademarksA strong, well-established and protected brand is much more than just a distinctive sign. It is a precious intangible asset at the heart of your company's value. Beyond its protective role, this brand can become a source of revenue or a strategic lever. How can it do this? Mainly through...Commercial court: which one to choose? Guide to geographical jurisdiction
Commercial, business and competition lawYou have determined that your commercial dispute falls within the jurisdiction of the Commercial Court. This is an essential step. But there's another, equally fundamental question that arises immediately: which commercial court should you take your case to? The one in your town? The one where your...Subsequent creditors and recourse against third-party guarantors: specific situations
Commercial, business and competition law, Companies in difficultyThe complexity of insolvency law does not stop with the general rules applicable to claims arising prior to the opening of insolvency proceedings. Two other situations merit particular attention and raise important questions for creditors: what happens to claims arising after the opening of insolvency proceedings and what happens to claims arising after the opening of insolvency proceedings?Understanding commercial leases: the basics for businesses
Commercial leases, Commercial, business and competition lawFor many businesses, whether they are just starting up or well established, choosing and managing their premises is a crucial step. The commercial lease is often at the heart of this process. More than just a simple lease, it is a specific contract, governed by the law and constantly evolving, which...Taking action against unfair competition: what penalties and procedures?
Competition, Commercial, Business and Competition LawYou have identified unfair competition by a rival and you have gathered sufficient evidence. The question now is: what can you do about it? What steps can you take to put a stop to these practices and obtain compensation? To do this,...The aviation insurance contract: general principles and legal influences
Insurance, Commercial, Business and Competition LawHaving explored the specific risks, the market and the general legal framework for aviation insurance, it's time to turn to the heart of the matter: the insurance contract itself. How is this essential agreement between insurer and insured constructed in the aviation sector? Far from being a...Non-financial assets: identifying them and accounting for them in accordance with the rules
Assets, Commercial, Business and Competition LawGood management of a business depends on a clear understanding of what it owns. Correctly identifying the goods, equipment or rights that make up your business assets is a fundamental first step. But how do you know whether an item should be considered a genuine "asset" in the sense...The fundamentals of aviation insurance: risks, market and legal framework
Insurance, Commercial, Business and Competition LawThe world of aviation, whether commercial, business or leisure, is based on sophisticated technology and complex operations. But behind the roar of jet engines and the logistics of flights lies an inescapable reality: risk. From minor incidents to major disasters, the financial consequences can be...Carbon quotas, EWCs, sports transfers: accounting for specific cases
Assets, Commercial, Business and Competition LawThe general principles of recognition, measurement, depreciation and impairment of assets form the common basis of accounting rules. However, the diversity of economic activities and the specific nature of certain assets or transactions sometimes require special rules. The General Chart of Accounts (Plan Comptable Général - PCG) provides for special treatment of certain assets...Impairment of assets: recognising exceptional impairment losses
Assets, Commercial, Business and Competition LawAccounting depreciation, which we detailed earlier, allows you to record the normal and expected wear and tear or obsolescence of your assets. But what happens if an asset loses value more suddenly or unexpectedly? Imagine a machine that suddenly becomes obsolete because of a new competitive technology,...Depreciation and amortisation of assets: the essentials for your business
Assets, Commercial, Business and Competition LawThe assets that your business uses on a day-to-day basis - whether machinery, premises, vehicles or even software - represent significant investments. But over time, these assets inevitably lose value. This loss can be gradual, linked to normal wear and tear, or more sudden, caused by...Book depreciation: spreading the value of your assets over time
Assets, Commercial, Business and Competition LawYour machines wear out with production, your software becomes obsolete with new technologies, your buildings age... It's an unavoidable economic reality: most of the assets your business uses lose value over time. Your accounts need to reflect this gradual decline in value. This is the...Initial asset valuation: determining the fair entry cost
Assets, Commercial, Business and Competition LawOnce an item has been identified as an asset that should appear on your company's balance sheet, a key question arises: for what value? Correctly determining the entry value of an asset is not a simple accounting exercise. This initial value, known as the historical cost, is the basis on which...Aviation-related activities: airfields, professionals, associations and events
Insurance, Commercial, Business and Competition LawWhen you think of aviation insurance, images of airlines and passengers naturally spring to mind. Yet the aviation ecosystem is much broader and more complex. Around the aircraft that fly revolve a multitude of essential players, whose activities generate specific risks and liabilities: airfield managers...
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