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How long can a bailiff claim a debt?
A court-appointed official cannot claim a debt indefinitely: French law sets strict limitation periods depending on the nature of the claim and the existence of a writ of execution. Ten years to enforce a judgement, two years for claims between private individuals and professionals - here's how these time limits apply in practice.
Enforcement orders: definition, conditions of validity and typology of documents in civil enforcement law
Recovering an unpaid debt? The writ of execution is the key! Find out more about its conditions and forms, and how it can help you take effective action.
Methods of executionEnforceability formula and conditions for enforcing judgments
Winning a case is not enough: a judgement without an executory clause remains a dead letter because it cannot be enforced. This compulsory endorsement, which has remained unchanged since 1947, conditions both the enforcement of court decisions and that of notarial deeds. Understanding the conditions under which it is required helps to avoid the irregularities that block all enforcement proceedings.
The European Enforcement Order: a little-known tool with formidable effects
Your claim has been recognised in another EU country, but how can it be enforced there without going back to court? The European Enforcement Order removes the need for exequatur and makes your decision directly enforceable in all Member States. We explain how to take advantage of this mechanism.
Methods of executionThe statute of limitations on enforcement of a judgment
You have obtained a judgement, but your adversary is still not paying - or it is you who has been condemned and you are wondering how long this risk will last. The statute of limitations on the enforcement of a judgement sets the period during which a creditor can compel payment at ten years. Once this period has elapsed, the writ of execution lapses: understanding the starting point and the causes of interruption is decisive for both sides.
Methods of executionWhat are the consequences of an incomplete formule exécutoire?
An incomplete formule exécutoire can paralyse enforcement measures even though they have been initiated on the basis of a valid document. In a ruling handed down on 6 February 2025, the Court of Cassation clarified the exact consequences of such an irregularity and the remedies available to the debtor. Here is an overview of this technical litigation with very real implications.
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