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Card payments: issuance, irrevocability and merchant obligations
By Raphaël MORENON3 August 2025Paying by bankcard has become an everyday gesture, a mechanism so well oiled that we forget the underlying legal complexity. Every transaction, whether carried out in a local shop or on the internet, is an act that involves several parties and is governed by precise rules. This act, which may seem trivial, is in reality a payment order whose implications need to be understood by consumers and professionals alike. Our firm has observed that many disputes could be avoided by a better understanding of the rights and obligations of each party. The aim of this article is to shed light on the mechanisms involved in the issue and irrevocability of card payments, a subject at the heart of our banking and financial law practice, and which forms part of the comprehensive legal guide to payment cards that we offer. The card payment order mechanism The act of paying...
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> The practice of seizing propertyA practical, chronological and exhaustive study of the implementation of a property seizure procedure.
We put all our expertise to work to achieve a simple objective: to prevent a property seizure.
Security interests in French law: presentation and classification following the 2006 and 2021 reforms
Legal uncertainty is bad for business. Securities are the answer. These guarantees protect creditors against the risk of debtor insolvency and ensure the performance of obligations. The legislator overhauled this area in 2006 and again in 2021. These reforms modernised a system that had become unsuited to today's economic needs. The...How to contest an infringement seizure: effective remedies
Counterfeit seizure is a particularly intrusive evidentiary procedure. It makes it possible to obtain proof of infringement, but its non-adversarial nature can lead to abuse. What remedies are available to challenge these measures? How can you react effectively when you are the target of this procedure, particularly with the help of a lawyer who is an expert in enforcement procedures?Follow-up to the infringement seizure and action on the merits
Seizure is only a preliminary stage in the fight against counterfeiting. This procedure, which enables evidence to be collected, must imperatively be followed by an action on the merits. The legislator has strictly circumscribed this obligation in order to avoid any abuse. The obligation to bring an action on the merits Strict deadlines for...Executing a counterfeit seizure: mastering this specific evidentiary procedure
Infringement seizures are a unique evidentiary procedure under French law. If it is to remain valid, its execution requires particular attention, and the support of a lawyer with expertise in enforcement procedures can prove decisive. Between strict compliance with the terms of the order and procedural rules, every step counts. The parties involved in the procedure...Infringement seizure: procedure and request
Seizure for infringement is a formidable weapon in the legal arsenal of intellectual property rights holders. This evidentiary procedure, which is not covered by ordinary law, makes it possible to obtain proof of an infringement even before bringing an action on the merits. Rules governing jurisdiction Exclusivity of the judicial court Only the president of the judicial court...Infringement seizure: definition and essential features
Every year, counterfeiting costs the French economy between 6 and 8 billion euros. To combat this scourge, intellectual property rights holders have a powerful procedural tool at their disposal: seizure for counterfeiting. Although little known to the general public, this procedure is one of the most effective weapons in the legal arsenal for protecting intellectual property...Misleading commercial practices and borrower protection
The legal framework for misleading commercial practices The marketing of complex financial products is governed by a law that allows borrowers to challenge contracts concluded on the basis of misleading information. Article L.121-1 of the French Consumer Code provides the basis for this protection in respect of commercial practices...The procedure for seizing standing crops: essential formalities
The seizure of standing crops is a special form of movable property seizure that is rarely used in practice. This procedure requires compliance with specific formalities to ensure its validity. Let's take a look at the key stages of the procès-verbal, how it is served and how the seized assets are managed. The procès-verbal of...Which crops can be seized and when?
Seizure of standing crops is a special form of enforcement. It allows a creditor in possession of a writ of execution to seize fruit and crops even before they have been separated from the soil. This procedure is governed by precise rules. Criteria for seizing crops Not all crops can be seized....Seizure of standing crops: mechanism, conditions and legal particularities
Le monde des voies d’exécution recèle des procédures méconnues. Parmi elles, la saisie des récoltes sur pieds. Cette procédure rare mérite pourtant notre attention. Elle témoigne d’un système juridique adapté aux spécificités agricoles. Après la saisie, la question de la 1 soulève également des modalités spécifiques. Définition et cadre légal…
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