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Card acceptance contract: issuer-supplier relations and obligations
By Raphaël MORENON3 August 2025Payment by bankcard has become so commonplace for retailers that it is almost invisible. Yet behind every transaction lies a precise contractual framework: the acceptance contract. This document, which binds the supplier to the card issuer, governs all their relations, from joining the system to the settlement of transactions. Far from being a mere technical formality, it establishes a set of obligations and responsibilities that, if ignored, can have significant consequences. This article is part of our wider exploration of the complete legal guide to payment cards and focuses on the dynamics of this contractual relationship, which is fundamental to any commercial activity. Joining card payment systems for merchants The parties to the acceptance contract: issuer (bank) and supplier (merchant) The card payment acceptance contract is concluded between two main players. On the one hand, the issuer, which is generally the...
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> The practice of seizing propertyA practical, chronological and exhaustive study of the implementation of a property seizure procedure.
We put all our expertise to work to achieve a simple objective: to prevent a property seizure.
The forced sale of intangible rights: mechanisms and particularities
The seizure of intangible rights necessarily leads to their sale. To understand this final stage, it is essential to first understand the definition and scope of the seizure of intangible rights. The procedure then varies according to the nature of the rights seized: shareholder rights, listed securities, etc.Seizure of intangible rights: instructions for use
The seizure of intangible rights enables creditors to recover what is owed to them by seizing the debtor's shares, securities or other intangible assets. This specific procedure requires rigour and precision. For an in-depth understanding of its definition and scope, please see our article on...Seizure of securities: instructions for use
An unpaid creditor has several weapons at his disposal to recover what is owed to him. One of these is the seizure of securities, which is part of the wider context of the seizure of intangible rights. But the subject is full of technical subtleties that sometimes turn this procedure into an obstacle course....What you need to know about seizing shareholder rights
Are you a creditor of a debtor who owns shares in a company? Seizing these rights could be an effective way of obtaining payment. However, this complex procedure is subject to strict rules that you should be familiar with. Shareholder's rights: assets that can be seized subject to conditions Shareholder's rights represent...Seizure of shareholders' rights: a little-known method of enforcement
The seizure of shareholders' rights enables creditors to take legal action to seize and then sell the shares held by their debtor. This procedure has existed since the 1991-1992 reform of enforcement procedures, but is still rarely used. Why is this potentially formidable legal tool so difficult to use?Comparison of the seizure of French intangible rights with foreign laws
The seizure of intangible rights enables creditors to place intangible assets belonging to their debtors under legal control and then sell them. This procedure is gaining in importance with the digitalisation of the economy and the increase in the value of dematerialised assets. Comparing international approaches will help to better...History and development of the seizure of intangible rights
The legal vacuum before 1991 Prior to 1991, there were no enforcement remedies specifically aimed at intangible rights. This legal vacuum posed a problem. To better understand the seizure of intangible rights, its definition and its current scope, a historical perspective is essential. Bailiffs improvised. In the case of registered shares and partnership rights,...Seizure by way of execution vs. sequestration: what are the differences for intangible rights?
Before we look at how intangible rights can be seized, it is essential that you gain a better understanding of what intangible rights are, how they are defined and what they cover. The seizure of intangible rights has two distinct faces: enforceable or protective. These two procedures meet different needs and are used in specific contexts. Two approaches,...Understanding the seizure of intangible rights: definition and scope
Recovering an unpaid debt can quickly become a headache. When reminders go unheeded, it's time to take enforcement action. One of these is the seizure of intangible rights, a little-known but valuable option. What is the seizure of intangible rights? This procedure enables a creditor in possession of a title...STRUCTURED LOANS AND "TOXIC LOANS
1. Definition and typology of structured loans The three main categories of structured loans Structured loans are complex financial products whose interest rate varies according to a mathematical formula linked to changes in financial indices. There are three main categories of structured loans: products with a deactivating barrier that...
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