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Card payments: issuance, irrevocability and merchant obligations
By Raphaël MORENON3 August 2025Paying by bankcard has become an everyday gesture, a mechanism so well oiled that we forget the underlying legal complexity. Every transaction, whether carried out in a local shop or on the internet, is an act that involves several parties and is governed by precise rules. This act, which may seem trivial, is in reality a payment order whose implications need to be understood by consumers and professionals alike. Our firm has observed that many disputes could be avoided by a better understanding of the rights and obligations of each party. The aim of this article is to shed light on the mechanisms involved in the issue and irrevocability of card payments, a subject at the heart of our banking and financial law practice, and which forms part of the comprehensive legal guide to payment cards that we offer. The card payment order mechanism The act of paying...
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> The practice of seizing propertyA practical, chronological and exhaustive study of the implementation of a property seizure procedure.
We put all our expertise to work to achieve a simple objective: to prevent a property seizure.
The different forms of guarantee
Suretyship is one of the most widely used personal sureties under French law. It enables a creditor to secure its claim by obtaining a commitment from a third party to pay the debt if the principal debtor fails to do so. This form of security comes in several varieties, each with its own specific features...Characteristics of surety bonds
Surety plays a major role in our economy. This personal surety enables a creditor to obtain a commitment from a third party to guarantee the debt of a defaulting debtor. The mechanism may seem simple, but its features deserve attention. This article provides a detailed understanding of the mechanisms and pitfalls of surety bonds...Bonding: understanding its mechanisms and pitfalls
A surety bond is a contract in which one person undertakes to pay the debt of another in the event of default. Simple on the face of it, this mechanism conceals a number of risks. The Order of 15 September 2021 overhauled this law, which had previously been scattered across a number of different codes. The basics of surety bonds Surety bonds are defined...Release of seizure - Conditions, guarantees
The maritime world has its own rules. When a ship is immobilised by a preventive seizure, an entire economic equilibrium is turned upside down. Downtime is expensive. The shipowner loses money. The goods do not arrive at their destination. Release then becomes a crucial issue for the shipowner. It represents...The system of maritime mortgages
The maritime mortgage is an essential guarantee for the maritime business. It enables shipowners to obtain financing for the acquisition or construction of ships. Let's find out more about this special legal mechanism. I. Presentation of the maritime mortgage Definition and legal nature The maritime mortgage is a security interest in a vessel without dispossession...Maritime credit: a financing system dedicated to the blue economy
I. Presentation of maritime credit Definition and objectives Maritime credit is a specialised financing mechanism designed to support activities related to the sea. It is aimed primarily at fishermen, shellfish farmers and those involved in marine farming. Its purpose? To facilitate the acquisition of vessels, modernise fishing fleets...The effects of seizure on the vessel and crew
The seizure of a vessel has far-reaching consequences for the vessel and its crew. Behind the apparent simplicity of this procedure lie considerable legal, economic and human implications. I. Immediate effects on the vessel Physical detention The seized vessel is detained in port. It cannot be...Maritime claims - Definition, types, maritime liens
The maritime world, with its specificity and particularity, has developed a set of original rules concerning claims and related guarantees. These legal mechanisms reflect the need to adapt the law to the constraints of ship operations. I. The concept of a maritime claim International definition The...Seizable and unseizable vessels
The maritime world is home to a number of legal peculiarities that are little known to the general public. The ship, a mobile object par excellence, is subject to a specific regime when it comes to seizure. Between maritime law, international law and enforcement procedures, the rules are not lacking in complexity. I. Legal definition of a ship Criteria for...Attachment of ships and execution: two procedures with different legal regimes
The seizure of a vessel is a privileged tool for maritime creditors. Far from being monolithic, there are two distinct procedures: precautionary attachment and enforcement attachment. Although these two mechanisms are both aimed at immobilising a vessel, their rationale, conditions and effects are radically different. I....
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