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Card payments: issuance, irrevocability and merchant obligations
By Raphaël MORENON3 August 2025Paying by bankcard has become an everyday gesture, a mechanism so well oiled that we forget the underlying legal complexity. Every transaction, whether carried out in a local shop or on the internet, is an act that involves several parties and is governed by precise rules. This act, which may seem trivial, is in reality a payment order whose implications need to be understood by consumers and professionals alike. Our firm has observed that many disputes could be avoided by a better understanding of the rights and obligations of each party. The aim of this article is to shed light on the mechanisms involved in the issue and irrevocability of card payments, a subject at the heart of our banking and financial law practice, and which forms part of the comprehensive legal guide to payment cards that we offer. The card payment order mechanism The act of paying...
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> The practice of seizing propertyA practical, chronological and exhaustive study of the implementation of a property seizure procedure.
We put all our expertise to work to achieve a simple objective: to prevent a property seizure.
Insolvency proceedings and suretyship: protection or trap for the guarantor?
Signing a guarantee is like walking a tightrope. If the debtor falls, so can the guarantor. But there are mechanisms in place to cushion the fall. In a tense economic climate, with business failures on the increase, the fate of guarantors is a matter of concern. I. The fundamentals of surety in the face of...The protection of guarantors under French law: what are the differences between the different categories?
Surety bonds are still one of the most widely used forms of security in our economy. This guarantee, under which one person undertakes to pay the debt of another in the event of default, offers various forms of protection depending on the guarantor's profile. Let's take a look at these protective mechanisms, which have proliferated over the...The guarantor's legal shield: 4 essential safeguards
Acting as guarantor for a close friend or business partner involves significant risks. The law has gradually strengthened the protection afforded to people who agree to guarantee the debts of others. The Order of 15 September 2021 modernised these mechanisms by bringing them together in the Civil Code. Here are the four shields...Termination of a guarantee: methods and consequences
Surety bonds, a cornerstone of surety law, always expire eventually. This personal guarantee can disappear in two distinct ways: as an accessory or as a principal guarantee. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for creditors and guarantors alike. Our lawyers can provide you with legal expertise in this area...PROPERTY INVESTMENT LOANS
The specifics of complex property finance Investment in rental property involves a number of different arrangements. The term loan, which allows the borrower to repay only the interest and pay off the capital at maturity, is proving very popular. This arrangement offers tax advantages for investors, who can deduct the entire cost of the loan...Recent reforms to surety bonds: changes for creditors and sureties
The bail bond underwent a major transformation with Ordinance no. 2021-1192 of 15 September 2021. This reform, which came into force on 1 January 2022, meets a need to clarify a law that had become complex and sometimes inconsistent. It makes far-reaching changes to this personal surety, which allows a creditor...Understanding the effects of surety bonds: a practical guide
When you become a guarantor, you undertake to pay the debt of a third party in the event of default. This creates a complex legal relationship between the guarantor, the creditor and the principal debtor. It gives rise to a network of obligations and rights. An understanding of these mechanisms is vital for anyone thinking of...Guarantees: what are the conditions for a valid commitment?
Guarantees are a daunting commitment for anyone who enters into one. Yet this legal mechanism, which allows a third party to guarantee the debt of a principal debtor, is still poorly understood by many signatories. Consent: the cornerstone of guarantees Guarantees require free and informed consent. The...The different forms of guarantee
Suretyship is one of the most widely used personal sureties under French law. It enables a creditor to secure its claim by obtaining a commitment from a third party to pay the debt if the principal debtor fails to do so. This form of security comes in several varieties, each with its own specific features...Characteristics of surety bonds
Surety plays a major role in our economy. This personal surety enables a creditor to obtain a commitment from a third party to guarantee the debt of a defaulting debtor. The mechanism may seem simple, but its features deserve attention. This article provides a detailed understanding of the mechanisms and pitfalls of surety bonds...
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