Publications
Bankcard fraud: gross negligence and strong authentication, the keys to liability
By Raphaël MORENON13 August 2025Bankcards have become an indispensable part of our daily lives, facilitating the majority of our transactions. However, with this ease of use comes a growing risk of fraud. When an unauthorised transaction appears on your bank statement, a key question arises: who is responsible? While the law protects the cardholder in principle, this protection is not absolute. The bank can refuse to reimburse the sums stolen on the grounds of gross negligence on your part. This article, which follows on from our legal guide to payment cards and our analysis of the general system of liability for fraud, details the key concepts of negligence and strong authentication, which determine the outcome of many disputes. Understanding these concepts is essential if you are to defend your rights effectively, and our firm has a recognised practice in bank fraud litigation. The framework...
Training
Models
Files
> The practice of seizing propertyA practical, chronological and exhaustive study of the implementation of a property seizure procedure.
We put all our expertise to work to achieve a simple objective: to prevent a property seizure.
Judicial contracts: definition and legal nature
This hybrid legal form is fascinating because of its complexity. The judicial contract lives in a troubling in-between state: it is both agreement and judgement, agreement and decision. Origin and definition of the judicial contract Born out of judicial practice, the judicial contract essentially refers to an agreement concluded between parties and...Judicial intervention in judicial contracts
The concept of a judicial contract lies at the crossroads of contract law and procedural law. This hybridity raises complex questions about the role of the judge. What is its nature? What are its limits? The paper "Judicial Contracts" by Gaëlle Deharo, professor at ESCE International Business School...Guarantee calls in civil proceedings: mechanisms, strategies and pitfalls to avoid
The "appel en garantie" is a powerful procedural tool, making it possible to bring a third party into a lawsuit so that it will bear any penalties that may be imposed. Although it is fundamental in civil and commercial litigation, its relationship with mechanisms such as joint and several liability or arbitration reveals complexities that are often overlooked. This article, published in...The territorial jurisdiction of the courts: why your address is decisive
You're moving house and changing your address on all your administrative documents. But have you thought about the legal consequences of this change? Your address determines which court will hear your disputes. A fundamental rule that dates back to Roman law. The fundamental principle: "Actor sequitur forum rei" This Latin maxim means...Avoid the pitfalls of compulsory domicile details in procedural documents
Mentioning the place of residence in procedural documents is not just an administrative formality. It is a legal requirement, failure to comply with which may render the document null and void and jeopardise the success of legal proceedings. The writ of summons and the reference to domicile Legal requirements The writ of summons must contain, failing which...How is your legal domicile determined? What you need to know
In the intricacies of the law, domicile is much more than just a postal address. This legal concept determines where you will be summoned to court, which court has jurisdiction over your disputes and even some of your civil rights. But how exactly does the law determine your domicile? The answers are sometimes...Domicile, residence, demeure: what are the differences and why do they matter in court?
The address you declare is not just an administrative detail. In law, your location determines which court can try you, where you will receive your legal notices, and how your rights will be defended. A mistake in these notions can jeopardise an entire procedure. Legal definitions: distinct concepts Domicile...Understanding over-indebtedness: definition and legal solutions
Over-indebtedness affects many people in France. This critical financial situation requires appropriate legal solutions. In 2023, more than 120,000 cases were submitted to over-indebtedness commissions. Each case reveals a complex reality, combining economic difficulties with a demanding and constantly evolving legal framework. What is...The State as a subject of law: when the Judicial Agent of the State defends public interests
When the State enters into a legal relationship with a private individual, it becomes a subject of law like any other. This special position requires appropriate representation before the courts. This is where the Judicial Agent of the State (AJE) comes in, whose legal mandate dates back to 1790 and who has been...The European Enforcement Order: a little-known tool with formidable effects
When it comes to cross-border debt recovery, the European Enforcement Order is a particularly effective legal instrument, but its subtleties are often unfamiliar to creditors and debtors alike. Introduced by Regulation (EC) No 805/2004 of 21 April 2004, this mechanism radically changes the way in which enforcement decisions are made.
EN 
FR