Publications

The banking industry, a fundamental pillar of our modern economy, is subject to strict regulation. This regulation is justified by the need to protect depositors and ensure the stability of the financial system. Why is a licence necessary? Banking authorisation is the cornerstone of the control exercised over the financial sector.

Guarantees, securities and enforcement law, Seizure of land motor vehicles

Recovering an unpaid vehicle or obtaining payment for it? The procedure depends on your status. Whether you are a simple creditor, an owner or a pledgee, each situation triggers a different legal mechanism. The diversity of seizure situations Immobilising a vehicle is the initial stage common to all procedures. Whether the aim is to obtain payment or...

Injunction to do, Civil procedure

In the French legal arsenal, the injonction de faire remains little known to non-lawyers. Yet this simplified procedure can force a co-contractor to perform when he is reluctant to fulfil his obligations. But how can it be distinguished from other similar procedures? When should it be used rather than an injunction to pay, a summary procedure or other alternatives? Injunction...

State judicial agent, Civil procedure

Although the Judicial Agent of the State (AJE) has a monopoly on representing the State before the courts, particularly when it comes to the liability of the State and its judges, there are important limits to this principle. In certain areas, representation of the State is entrusted to other entities. These exceptions may go unnoticed...

Guarantees, securities and enforcement law, European Enforcement Order

Imagine this situation: your company has just obtained a judgment against a French debtor, but its assets are located in Germany. How do you enforce this decision without going through an exequatur procedure? The European Enforcement Order (EEO) offers a solution. This mechanism, introduced by Regulation (EC) No 805/2004, enables companies to enforce their...

Guarantees, securities and enforcement law, Enforcement judge

When your debtor is in danger of becoming insolvent, every day counts. Protective measures allow you to freeze your debtor's assets or claims to guarantee payment of your debt. The enforcement judge (JEX) plays a central role in these preventive measures. Authorisation for precautionary measures Conditions required To obtain a precautionary...

Bank account, Banking and securities law

Money deposited in a bank account is subject to legal rules that are often little understood. However, this common relationship between banker and customer conceals complex mechanisms that can affect your rights in the event of a dispute. What is a bank deposit? A bank deposit is a transaction whereby a person...

Deadlines, Civil procedure

There is a fundamental rule to be observed when exercising a right of appeal: deadlines must be respected. For an overall understanding of the fundamentals of these time limits, including their definitions and objectives, it is essential to know that a day's delay means a lost opportunity to challenge. Time running out...

A flexible and effective legal tool in French law, the summons is a formal act by which one person, through the intermediary of a court commissioner, enjoins another to do or not to do something, without it being a summons to appear before a court....

How much does a lawsuit really cost? Behind this question lies a little-known but essential legal mechanism: the costs tax. This system protects litigants against excessive claims by court officers and enables them to obtain reimbursement of costs incurred. Definition and origin of the tax The...