Publications
Financial investment adviser (FIA): full legal guide to status and obligations
By Raphaël MORENON12 August 2025The financial investment adviser (FIA) is a key player for many savers and investors. Their role, governed by strict regulations, is to provide personalised advice to guide financial decisions that are often complex and involving. Anyone wishing to entrust part of their assets to a professional needs to have a clear understanding of the FIA's status, remit and, above all, obligations. The purpose of this article is to provide you with a clear and concise overview of this status, covering the key aspects that are developed in greater detail in our dedicated publications. If you have any specific questions, our firm, which has a strong practice in banking and financial law, is at your disposal. What is a financial investment adviser (FIA)? The status of financial investment adviser is a relatively recent regulatory development, designed to professionalise advice and protect investors. Its definition and...
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> The practice of seizing propertyA practical, chronological and exhaustive study of the implementation of a property seizure procedure.
We put all our expertise to work to achieve a simple objective: to prevent a property seizure.
Documents and compliance in documentary credits: the decisive examination criterion
A poorly checked documentary credit can turn a promised international transaction into a legal nightmare. Examination of the documents is the critical stage where everything can come to a head. In my practice as a lawyer specialising in international banking law, this moment of verification crystallises the tensions between importers, exporters and banks. A minor discrepancy in...Legal relations in documentary credits: who owes what to whom?
In international commercial transactions, the documentary credit offers valuable security to the parties. This payment technique is based on a complex network of obligations between buyer, seller and banks. Let's untangle these legal relationships and their practical implications. Relationship between buyer and seller The buyer (principal) undertakes to open a documentary...The documentary credit: mechanism and fundamental principles
In international trade, payment is often the nerve centre of a transaction. The importer fears paying without receiving the goods ordered. The exporter fears delivery without payment. The documentary credit solves this equation by offering a mutual guarantee to both parties. This legal and financial instrument, a pillar of the...Evolution and changes in cooperative banks: between the historical model and the universal bank
The metamorphosis of the cooperative banking sector is currently being examined by lawyers and economists alike. From a model based on community solidarity and mutual aid to major players in the global financial system, cooperative banks have undergone a remarkable evolution while maintaining certain distinctive legal features. The origins of the cooperative banking model The...The different applications of banker's drafts in practice
In the world of bank guarantees, del credere holds a special place. This payment guarantee offered by a credit institution is a valuable but little-known tool for securing commercial transactions. The diversity of forms of del credere Bank del credere is defined as a guarantee by which a credit institution guarantees the payment...Bank account management: entry of receivables, charges, seizures and multiple accounts
The relationship between customer and bank is based on the bank account, a central instrument in our economic life. Behind its apparent simplicity lies a legally sophisticated mechanism. By understanding how it works, you can better protect your rights. The entry of receivables into an account A little-known legal mechanism The entry of a receivable into an account...Classification and hierarchy of security interests: who comes before whom?
When it comes to credit, not all creditors are in the same boat. When several creditors come forward at the same time to be paid, the question of ranking becomes decisive. The ranking of movable securities is one of the most technical issues in securities law - and potentially one of the most...Control and application of banking ethics rules: who supervises the banks?
When your bank charges what you consider to be excessive fees or refuses to close your account, do you know who regulates these practices? The banking sector is not a lawless area. In addition to the banker's general responsibility, there are specific mechanisms that govern the behaviour of financial institutions, ensuring that...Export credits: issues and general framework
html In a context of fierce international competition, companies that export need appropriate financial solutions. Export credits are an essential lever for conquering foreign markets. They can be used to finance international commercial operations and secure transactions. Definition and economic context Export credits...Financial vs. operational leasing - Understanding the fundamental differences
In asset financing, the distinction between financial and operational leasing raises decisive legal, accounting and tax issues. This differentiation determines how transactions are treated and structures contractual relations. Contrary to the traditionally narrow French view of leasing, the European approach reveals considerable complexity. Criteria for...
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