Yasmine EDDAM
The relationship between EU and national competition law
By Yasmine EDDAM29 June 2025When a company operates in the French market, it enters a dense regulatory environment where several layers of rules coexist. This is particularly true of competition law. Companies are subject to both national law, mainly set out in the French Commercial Code, and European Union law, the provisions of which are designed to ensure healthy and undistorted competition throughout the single market. This dual application raises complex questions about the relationship and hierarchy of standards. Understanding how these two bodies of law interact is not just a theoretical exercise; it is an imperative if you are to secure your commercial practices and avoid potentially heavy penalties. Navigating this regulatory landscape requires in-depth knowledge that only an expert competition lawyer can provide. The interaction between European law and competition law...
Hotel liability: damage to guests and their property
Commercial, business and competition law, HotelsA stay in a hotel is generally a positive experience, but incidents can happen: an unfortunate fall down the stairs, the theft of valuables from a room or a vehicle from the car park, etc. When such events occur, the question of the hotelier's liability arises....Travelling salesman's professional card: obligations and procedures
Commercial, business and competition law, Travelling salesmenhtml Operating an itinerant commercial or craft business involves specific administrative obligations. The first document you need to obtain in order to practise legally is a business card. Failure to obtain one can result in severe penalties and jeopardise the regular exercise of the activity. The obligation to declare your activity in advance The French Commercial Code requires you to declare your...Itinerant and fairground traders: definitions and general legal framework
Commercial, business and competition law, Travelling salesmenItinerant commerce plays an important role in the French economy. These commercial activities, carried out away from fixed premises, are subject to a precise regulatory framework. Although itinerant traders and fairground stallholders are often confused, they have distinct legal definitions and are subject to specific obligations. The legal distinction between...General shops and warehouse receipts: the essential guide for your business
Commercial, business and competition law, ShopsEfficient stock management and access to appropriate finance are the cornerstones of success for any business, whether in industry, commerce, agriculture or the craft sector. Often, significant financial resources are tied up in stored goods. Is there a way of storing these goods in complete safety?General shop: what are the operator's obligations and responsibilities?
Commercial, business and competition law, ShopsEntrusting your goods to a general shop is more than just renting space. It creates a specific legal relationship, governed by reciprocal rights and obligations between the depositor and the operator. It is a unique structure in commercial law, distinct, for example, from the general shop...The warehouse receipt: how can you mobilise the value of your stocks?
Commercial, business and competition law, ShopsFor many companies, whether industrial, commercial or agricultural, inventories represent a significant proportion of fixed assets. This dormant capital may be needed to finance the operating cycle, invest or meet unforeseen cash requirements. Physically moving these goods in order to sell them or to...The independent retailers' collective shop: understanding its legal operation
Commercial, business and competition law, ShopsMany independent retailers are constantly looking for ways to join forces to face up to the competition from large integrated chains. The collective shop is one of the solutions devised to meet this challenge. It enables entrepreneurs to pool certain resources and benefit from a common image,...Hotel rights and obligations: the essential guide for travellers and operators
Commercial, business and competition law, HotelsThe hotel industry is a pillar of France's economy and tourism. Behind the apparent simplicity of booking a room, however, lies a complex legal relationship governed by specific rules. Whether you're a traveller looking for accommodation or a professional running an establishment, knowing your rights and obligations is a must...Fishing in France and Europe: what are the rules for accessing and preserving resources?
Commercial, business and competition law, FisheriesThe sea, a source of income for many professionals, is home to a living but fragile resource. Ensuring the future of fishing inevitably involves rigorous, sustainable management of fish stocks and other marine organisms. It's a complex challenge, combining economic, social and environmental issues. At the heart of...Fisheries policing: controls and penalties
Commercial, business and competition law, FisheriesAll the rules governing sea fishing, whether in terms of resource management, product marketing or company structures, cannot be effective without a robust system of controls and penalties. Ensuring compliance with these complex regulations, which stem from a combination of...Marketing, structures and aid in the fisheries sector
Commercial, business and competition law, FisheriesBeyond the catch itself, the success of a fishing business depends heavily on its ability to add value to its products and maintain high-performance production facilities. The marketing of seafood, a perishable product par excellence, is subject to strict quality and safety requirements.The essential guide to maritime fishing law in France
Commercial, business and competition law, FisheriesProfessional sea fishing is much more than just a job; it is a vital sector of economic activity for many French coastal regions, but also an area subject to particularly dense and evolving regulations. For fishermen, shipowners and all those involved in the industry, navigating the twists and turns of the...Understanding towing: focus on maritime issues for professionals
Commercial, business and competition law, TowingTowing. Behind this technical operation, which is often essential to the smooth running of maritime and port activities, lies a complex legal world. Whether it involves guiding a ship safely to its quay or moving an installation at sea, the contract governing this service is...Liability and maritime towing: who pays in the event of damage?
Commercial, business and competition law, TowingA maritime towing operation, even a routine one, is never without risk. A sudden gust of wind, a wrong manoeuvre, material damage... and an incident can occur, sometimes causing considerable damage to the tug, the towed vessel, third parties or port facilities. The question then arises...Beyond the seas: understanding river, land and air towing
Commercial, business and competition law, TowingWhile maritime towing, with its spectacular economic stakes and risks (for an overview of its key issues), takes centre stage in the legal arena (for a closer look at its foundations and obligations), the act of towing one craft by another is not limited to oceans and ports....The maritime towage contract: formation, nature and obligations
Commercial, business and competition law, TowingThe incessant ballet of ships in our ports or their long journeys on the high seas often rely on a technical operation that is as common as it is crucial: towing. Whether it's helping a giant of the seas to dock safely or moving a floating structure hundreds of metres...The complete guide to the Chambers of Commerce and Industry (CCI) network
ICC, Commercial, business and competition lawAs key partners in local economic life, the Chambers of Commerce and Industry (CCI) are institutions that many French entrepreneurs work with. Whether they are setting up a business, looking for information, training or developing their network, the CCIs offer a multitude of services. But how does this network...Behind the scenes at the CCI: how do the administration, elections and funding work?
ICC, Commercial, business and competition lawHaving explored the history, legal nature and varied missions of the Chambers of Commerce and Industry (CCI), it is essential to understand how these institutions operate on a day-to-day basis. Who makes the decisions? How are their directors appointed? What is the status of the thousands of people who work there?The roles and missions of the Chambers of Commerce and Industry: how do they support French businesses?
ICC, Commercial, business and competition lawThe Chambers of Commerce and Industry (CCI) are much more than just registration offices or training centres. They form a complex network whose primary mission is to support the economic development of businesses and regions. But what do the CCIs actually do? What they do is...Understanding the network of chambers of commerce and industry: history, status and core missions
ICC, Commercial, business and competition lawThe Chambers of Commerce and Industry, often referred to by their acronym CCI, are familiar players on the French economic landscape. For many entrepreneurs, they represent a point of contact for setting up a business, a source of information or a training organisation. However, behind this familiar façade lies...
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