Publications

The prospectus is the cornerstone of any initial public offering. This dense, regulated document has a dual mission: to inform potential investors and to engage the responsibility of the company going public. Inaccurate information or omissions can have considerable legal and financial consequences....

Listing on a regulated market is a decisive step in the life of a company, often marking a transition to a new dimension of growth and recognition. This process, far from being a mere formality, is a demanding one that subjects the company to a set of strict rules designed to...

An Initial Public Offering (IPO) is a transformative step for a company, giving it access to the capital markets. Far from being a simple financial operation, it is a complex legal process, requiring meticulous preparation and the involvement of many players. The aim of this article is to...

Under French law, the principle is clear: movable property cannot be mortgaged. This rule, summarised by the adage "meubles n'ont pas de suite par hypothèque", is justified by the very nature of such property. Their mobility makes it difficult, if not impossible, to organise a reliable system of publicity that would allow them to be...

Obtaining a favourable court ruling is a decisive step for a creditor. However, obtaining a judgment does not always guarantee that it will be enforced. Between the time when the judgment is handed down and the time when payment is made, the debtor may organise his insolvency. To avoid this risk, the...

Mortgages are most often seen as a tool for creditors, particularly banks, to guarantee repayment of a loan. However, legislators have also been able to use this mechanism to protect vulnerable individuals. Far from guaranteeing a commercial debt,...

Security interests, legal mechanisms designed to guarantee payment of a debt, are a cornerstone of the security of economic transactions. For a long time, special liens on immovable property were a special category of security, directly attached to certain immovable assets of the debtor. Historically, they offered formidable protection to...

Special moveable liens are a discreet but powerful category of security for creditors. Unlike conventional securities such as pledges, they are created directly by law to protect certain claims deemed to be particularly legitimate. They are an essential component of the legal arsenal of movable securities, offering a wide range of...

The right of retention is a formidable prerogative, often perceived as an instrument of self-defence available to a creditor. This apparently simple mechanism enables a person who legitimately holds property belonging to his debtor to refuse to return it until his claim has been paid in full. It is...

Factoring, Banking and securities law

Factoring is a valuable financial management tool for companies wishing to optimise their cash flow by transferring their trade receivables to a specialised institution, the factor. When a company's customers are located abroad, the operation becomes more complex and takes on an international dimension. International factoring and its...