Publications
The enforcement judge (jex): status, powers, procedures and key reforms for effective enforcement
By Raphaël MORENON18 September 2025Seizures, debts, forced execution? Discover the key role of the Enforcement Judge (JEX)! Protect your rights or simply recover your debts. An essential guide.
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> The practice of seizing propertyA practical, chronological and exhaustive study of the implementation of a property seizure procedure.
We put all our expertise to work to achieve a simple objective: to prevent a property seizure.
Legal metrology law: understanding the regulations governing measuring instruments
Legal metrology, a little-known but fundamental branch of law in our economy, governs all measuring instruments used in commercial transactions, public health or personal safety. These complex and technical regulations have a simple objective: to guarantee the accuracy and reliability of measurements in order to...Understanding bank discounting: a practical guide for French businesses
Cash management is a key concern for any business, whatever its size or sector of activity. Waiting for customers to pay can sometimes create significant financial stress. Bank discounting is one of the oldest and most common mechanisms used by companies...Banker's recourse for unpaid discounted bills: focus on reversal
Although bank discounting is a valuable cash management tool for companies, it also involves a significant risk: the principal debtor (the drawee of the bill or the issuer of the cheque) fails to pay on the due date. When this happens, the bank that advanced the funds...Bills of exchange and cheques: which securities can be discounted by your bank?
Bank discounting, as we saw in our general presentation of this mechanism, is based on the mobilisation of a receivable before its maturity. However, to be eligible for this credit operation, the receivable must generally be materialised, incorporated in a specific security that the company gives to its bank. The nature...Bank discounting: definition, how it works and what's at stake for your company
Financial oxygen is essential to the smooth running of any business. It is a constant challenge to obtain liquidity quickly in order to cope with cash flow shortfalls, finance the operating cycle or seize a development opportunity. Among the tools available to companies to mobilise their trade receivables before they are paid off are...Verification of claims, suspension of interest and registrations: consequences of the declaration
Declaring your claim on time, as explained in our previous article, is a crucial step when your debtor is the subject of collective proceedings (safeguard, receivership or liquidation). However, the process does not stop there. Your claim will now be examined, and other important consequences of the opening of insolvency proceedings...Lapse in civil procedure: when your legal acts lose their effect
Civil procedure is full of technical pitfalls that can wreck your legal efforts. One of the most notorious but formidable of these pitfalls is nullity. An act that lapses has serious consequences: the proceedings are terminated, rights are lost and it is impossible to take further action. This mechanism mainly sanctions procedural negligence. What is nullity?Can an anti-competitive agreement be justified? Exemptions
The prohibition on anti-competitive agreements set out in Article L. 420-1 of the French Commercial Code is a cornerstone of French competition law. Its aim is to ensure that markets function properly for the benefit of businesses and consumers. However, this prohibition is not absolute. The legislator has provided for situations...The main types of agreement prohibited by competition law
The aim of competition law is to guarantee fair and balanced competition between economic players. At the heart of this system is article L. 420-1 of the French Commercial Code, which lays down the principle that anti-competitive agreements are prohibited. While this article gives a few examples of prohibited practices, the list is not exhaustive.Cartel by object or by anti-competitive effect: what are the differences?
French competition law, like its European counterpart, is based on fundamental pillars designed to ensure healthy and fair competition on the markets. Central among these pillars is the prohibition on anti-competitive agreements, set out in Article L. 420-1 of the French Commercial Code. This...
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